Publications & Testimony

5 Lakes Energy authors reports that provide the public, policymakers, and other decision makers with comprehensive information and recommendations on climate and energy issues. Often produced in collaboration with clients and other partners, these publications frequently feature 5 Lakes Energy modeling and data analysis to evaluate proposed policy solutions for their costs, benefits, and projected economic, public health, and environmental impacts.

Publications and Reports

Bill Savings from MISO Tranche 2.1 Transmission Projects

April 2026

5 Lakes Energy conducted an economic analysis of the Midcontinent Independent System Operator’s (MISO) Long Range Transmission Plan (LRTP) Tranche 2.1 projects, which are long-range transmission lines to be built across the northern Midwest.

Analysis of the Effort to Repeal Michigan’s 2023 Clean Energy Laws

April 2026

5 Lakes Energy analyzed the effects of a legislative repeal of Michigan’s 2023 clean energy laws passed by Governor Gretchen Whitmer. The results show that, even with the repeal of many of the Inflation Reduction Act’s clean energy incentives, keeping the 2023 clean energy laws in place results in better outcomes than removing them.

Jobs in the Balance: Building Toward a Clean Steel Transition in Indiana

April 2026

Commissioned by Indiana Conservation Voters, this report prepared by 5 Lakes Energy and Indiana University Environmental Resilience Institute assesses what a transition to newer, cleaner iron and steelmaking technologies might look like for Northwest Indiana.

Michigan’s Spark Gap As a Structural Barrier to Building Electrification

March 2026

Reaching Michigan's long-term decarbonization goals requires electrification that is economically viable for households. This white paper and online tool examines how incremental electricity load could narrow Michigan's spark gap and explores the policy implications.

Net-Zero Industry in Michigan: Groundwork for Mitigating Hard-to-Abate Emissions

MARCH 2026

Michigan’s industrial sector is responsible for 17.5% of the state’s greenhouse gas emissions, with more than 8 million metric tons of emissions considered especially hard-to-abate. This white paper provides technical approaches, barriers, and policy considerations to reduce or mitigate those hard-to-abate emissions to reach Michigan’s 2050 net-zero target.

Net-Zero Industry in Minnesota: Foundation for a state roadmap built on stakeholder perspectives

FEBRUARY 2026

Minnesota’s industrial sector is entering a critical inflection point. Over the next decade, manufacturers, utilities, regulators, and communities will face simultaneous and sometimes competing demands — making it essential that Minnesota approaches industrial decarbonization in a coordinated fashion to enable deliberate decision-making.

Select Expert Witness Testimony

5 Lakes Energy has represented our clients in nearly 100 cases before the Michigan Public Service Commission and other regulatory bodies across the country that oversee utilities, the rates they charge for heat and power, and their investments in energy sources and systems. We seize every chance to testify as an opportunity to protect consumers, advance equity, and/or increase investments in energy efficiency, renewable power, and other clean-energy strategies.

In comments written by Senior Consultant Wil Gehl, the Michigan Attorney General, Citizens Utility Board of Michigan, and Michigan Municipal Association for Utility Issues advocated for strong extreme weather shutoff protections that apply to all regulated utilities. We argued that seasonal shutoff moratoria, instead of event-based shutoff practices, are necessary during predictable high-risk periods of extreme heat, cold, and poor air quality. Seasonal moratoria protect households from being disconnected just before extreme weather events if forecasts are wrong or conditions escalate faster than expected. We also recommended lower barriers to service restoration, requiring consideration of air quality as an additional protective measure, and robust reporting mechanisms.

On behalf of the Citizens Utility Board of Michigan, Lead Consultant Rick Bunch argued that Consumers Energy’s proposed $460 million rate increase is unreasonable because residential customers already pay high rates, experience poor reliability, and are being asked to absorb cost growth far exceeding inflation without clear evidence of productivity gains or improved service. He recommended limiting baseline O&M spending to productivityadjusted inflation, disallowing about $59.5 million in excess costs, and supporting only targeted reliability surge spending—especially for tree trimming and pole replacements—while treating most of those surge costs as regulatory assets eligible for securitization rather than full rate recovery. Bunch called for sharply scaling back undergrounding, rejecting proposed storm cost recovery mechanisms that shift risk to customers, and reforming cost allocation so residential customers are not paying most reliability costs while receiving a small share of the benefits. 

On behalf of Natural Resources Defense Council, Sierra Club, and Citizens Utility Board of Michigan, Managing Partner Douglas Jester argued that Consumers Energy’s proposed rate increase reflects a temporary “surge” in distribution spending driven by years of deferred maintenance—especially tree trimming and pole replacements—that should be deferred and securitized rather than placed into rate base to protect current customers from paying for past failures and to align cost recovery with future reliability benefits. Jester also recommended that the company fully electrify its light-duty vehicle fleet by 2030 and urged the Commission to require stronger active managed charging, longerterm and more flexible DC fastcharging incentives, greater focus on multifamily access, and new pilots for batteryintegrated fast chargers and vehicletogrid school buses. 

On behalf of Natural Resources Defense Council and Citizens Utility Board of Michigan, Lead Consultant Rick Bunch testified that DTEE’s proposed rate increase is excessive and would worsen already high electricity costs and energy burdens for residential customers, particularly lowincome households. Bunch recommended reducing DTEE’s requested revenue increase by $92 million, aligning operating and capital spending with historical levels, deferring surge costs caused by past under-maintenance for possible future securitization, and maintaining five-year tree-trimming cycles. He also showed that DTEE’s cashonly payment requirement for customers actually increases costs and uncollectible expenses rather than reducing them, urging the Commission to require further justification and stronger customer assistance measures. 

On behalf of Michigan Environmental Council, Natural Resources Defense Council, Sierra Club, and Citizens Utility Board of Michigan, Senior Consultant Graham Woolley generally supported DTEE’s Transportation Electrification Plan but recommended targeted changes to reduce costs, improve fairness, and better use existing grid assets. He argued that managed EV charging  should become a permanent, expanded program, while warning that DTEE’s costbenefit analysis understates the plan’s value by being too narrow and shortterm. Woolley also found that DTEE’s transformer system has plenty of unused capacity, meaning widespread grid upgrades are not yet needed and any future spending should be justified with detailed, locationspecific evidence. 

On behalf of the Michigan Environmental Council, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Citizens Utility Board of Michigan, Managing Partner Douglas Jester successfully opposed DTEE’s attempt to raise the bar for Commission disallowances of poorly supported cost projections, showing that cost review creates necessary cost discipline that a regulated monopoly would otherwise not face. He also successfully argued against using inflationadjusted averages to predict future costs, pointing out that DTEE would have no incentive to become more efficient and productive if it were assured that it could always mark up its rates to fully recover increased costs. He recommended disallowing $1.7 million in Midwest Energy Resources Company fuel-handling O&M expenses, securitizing the costs of replacing old equipment and fixing pas maintenance failures, and requiring seasonal distribution rates to better align prices with system costs, improve equity among customers, and encourage efficient energy use.  

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5 Lakes Energy is looking for partners and clients who want to make a difference on climate and energy issues in their states or communities. Please drop us a line and let’s get to work.